Task 3: Be Able to Edit Moving Image Material
Editing Technology:
Software Applications: There is a high number of editing software out there, some being free and some costing. Ultimately the ones you have to pay for will be better in terms of editing tools etc. Although I use 'Avid Media Composer' for my examples in this blog, there are plenty of other ones that professionals use to create moving image, such as; Sony Vegas Pro, Adobe After Effects, Final Cut Pro and more.
Standard and High Definition: Most pieces of moving image are exported in high-definition nowadays, however, standard-definition is still active in digital technology. High-definition has a higher resolution than standard-definition, which is why it is used more and appreciated more overall. It would be very rare to see new pieces of moving image released in standard definition in this day of age.
This is a comparison video between high-definition and standard-definition. You will be able to visually see the differences between the two in this video.
Hardware: There is technology that is designed to help editors do their job. Examples of some of this hardware that is designed for 'Avid Media Composer' includes; Artist Transport Editing Console, Artist Colour Control Surface, Avid Custom Keyboard, Avid Mojo DX I/O & Monitoring Hardware and many more. This is just for 'Avid Media Composer' alone, there are plenty more other pieces of hardware available.
Tapes: Tapes can be used in the editing process for moving image. VHS tapes are usually used for this, as cassette tapes are more audio based. Although these are not used as much anymore due to the digital era that we live in, tapes are still used in professional moving image production/editing.
The following picture shows a simple diagram about Linear Editing Configuration.Hard Disc: Hard discs are used rather commonly in the film and television industry, as blank hard disc usually very affordable, that and they work quite efficiently. An example of hard discs being used in the film and television industry includes; An editor using hard discs to store footage that they can later use to import the footage onto their editing software.
Exporting Data: Exporting in editing is vital, as without it, you cannot have a completed version of a piece of moving image. Exporting is usually simple to do, as you normally just name your file and select the settings that are most appropriate for your piece of work. The only downfall about exporting productions is that is can be very time-consuming.
Compression: Compression is when a file is packed into a smaller space to usually save memory. There are two kinds of compression, which are lossy and lossless. Lossy means that the files that are compressed contain less data than the original file, which saves memory. Lossless compression is where none of the information is lost, which is not as useful as lossy compression as the file will most-likely end up being the same size as the uncompressed file originally was.
Editing Technology:
For all of the below, I will be using 'Avid Media Composer' to help talk about the processes of editing.
Jump-Cutting: Jump-Cutting in Avid is fairly simple to conduct, as all that the editor has to do is cut a piece of footage in half. This can easily be done by selecting an input (I on keyboard) and output (O on keyboard) and either pressing Z or X on the keyboard. This can tell the audience that time has jumped/leaped forward.
Editors will usually hide jump cuts in their editing, so it makes it look like the jump cut never even happened. The video below shows you how to easily hide jump cuts in 'Avid Media Composer':
For all of the below, I will be using 'Avid Media Composer' to help talk about the processes of editing.
Jump-Cutting: Jump-Cutting in Avid is fairly simple to conduct, as all that the editor has to do is cut a piece of footage in half. This can easily be done by selecting an input (I on keyboard) and output (O on keyboard) and either pressing Z or X on the keyboard. This can tell the audience that time has jumped/leaped forward.
Editors will usually hide jump cuts in their editing, so it makes it look like the jump cut never even happened. The video below shows you how to easily hide jump cuts in 'Avid Media Composer':
Montage: Montage editing would be pretty straight-forward to conduct in 'Avid Media Composer'. If for example the editor was assigned to create a montage of a man preparing for the Olympics, the type of things the editor would do in order to make this includes use various clips of the man working out and exercising. The editor would most likely edit at a fast pace, to show to the audience that there is a lot of action/movement in the scene. To add life to the montage, the editor would use fast paced music that would be suitable for working out.
Here is an example of a montage used as an opening sequence in the film 'Hot Fuzz':
Transitions: There are many transitions that are available to the editor in 'Avid Media Composer'. Examples of transition effects that are included in 'Avid Media Composer' include; dissolve, fade, picture-in-picture and 3D Warp. These effects are easy to locate and learn, and they can also be used rather effectively in moving image.
The following video is a tutorial that will explain basic transitions in 'Avid Media Composer':
Use of Sound to Create Impact: Audio is just as powerful as visuals in the moving image. Without audio, moving image (excluding silent films) would not be where is it today. Editors can use audio to create impacts in moving image. Take the film 'Jaws' for example; the use of the music to help build up the attack scenes was a brilliant and effective. When the audience hear the same sound throughout the film, they know that there will be an attack by the shark 'Jaws' very soon.
The following tutorial will demonstrate how to adjust audio levels in 'Avid Media Composer'. This tool can be used to help editors use audio to create impact in moving image.
Here is an example of a montage used as an opening sequence in the film 'Hot Fuzz':
Transitions: There are many transitions that are available to the editor in 'Avid Media Composer'. Examples of transition effects that are included in 'Avid Media Composer' include; dissolve, fade, picture-in-picture and 3D Warp. These effects are easy to locate and learn, and they can also be used rather effectively in moving image.
The following video is a tutorial that will explain basic transitions in 'Avid Media Composer':
Use of Sound to Create Impact: Audio is just as powerful as visuals in the moving image. Without audio, moving image (excluding silent films) would not be where is it today. Editors can use audio to create impacts in moving image. Take the film 'Jaws' for example; the use of the music to help build up the attack scenes was a brilliant and effective. When the audience hear the same sound throughout the film, they know that there will be an attack by the shark 'Jaws' very soon.
The following tutorial will demonstrate how to adjust audio levels in 'Avid Media Composer'. This tool can be used to help editors use audio to create impact in moving image.
Pace Effectively: When editing, it is important that the editor paces correctly. They need to be able to do this so that they give the viewers enough time to register what is happening in each shot. Pacing in 'Avid Media Composer' is pretty simple to do, all that is needed to be done is for you to decide the rhythm of the cuts and how long each shot should be, once you have done this, simply use input and output (I and O on the keyboard) to help trim your shots to the length that you want them etc.
This video goes into further detail on what pacing in video editing is all about:
This video goes into further detail on what pacing in video editing is all about:
Synchronizing Sound and Vision: This is one of the most important and necessary things that is vital to understand when it comes to editing for the moving image. You cannot have moving image where the sound and the visuals do not match up, as it looks unprofessional and silly. To help synchronize sound and vision, the film crew use a clapperboard to slate before every shot is taken. This helps the editor synchronize as they will know when the scene officially starts and ends.
Myself and the rest of my group at the time have already demonstrated in a different section of this blog how to slate.
This tutorial will show you visually how to sync video and audio in 'Avid Media Composer':
Cutaway: This is a type of shot that usually consists of something that isn't the current action. The shot is used as a "buffer" between shots, which is designed to help the editing process and make things better for the editor, as well as add interest or information to the shot. This shot is also rather common in moving image.
This is a short and simple example of a cutaway shot in moving image:
Post-Production Tools:
On Screen Text: This is used mainly when the editor is adding credits and titles (which are all always included in film and television) to a piece of moving image. This post-production tool is fairly straight forward to do in 'Avid Media Composer'.
The following tutorial will demonstrate the basis of creating a title in 'Avid Media Composer':
Audio Editing: Being able to edit audio is just as important as being able to edit vision. In 'Avid Media Composer', audio editing is quite similar to visual editing, as they both share the same timeline, they both can be cut in the same way and more. Compared to other video editors, 'Avid Media Composer' is very advanced and will have tools/settings that other video editing software won't.
This tutorial video gives a very basic introduction to editing audio in 'Avid Media Composer':
Myself and the rest of my group at the time have already demonstrated in a different section of this blog how to slate.
This tutorial will show you visually how to sync video and audio in 'Avid Media Composer':
Cutaway: This is a type of shot that usually consists of something that isn't the current action. The shot is used as a "buffer" between shots, which is designed to help the editing process and make things better for the editor, as well as add interest or information to the shot. This shot is also rather common in moving image.
This is a short and simple example of a cutaway shot in moving image:
Post-Production Tools:
On Screen Text: This is used mainly when the editor is adding credits and titles (which are all always included in film and television) to a piece of moving image. This post-production tool is fairly straight forward to do in 'Avid Media Composer'.
The following tutorial will demonstrate the basis of creating a title in 'Avid Media Composer':
Audio Editing: Being able to edit audio is just as important as being able to edit vision. In 'Avid Media Composer', audio editing is quite similar to visual editing, as they both share the same timeline, they both can be cut in the same way and more. Compared to other video editors, 'Avid Media Composer' is very advanced and will have tools/settings that other video editing software won't.
This tutorial video gives a very basic introduction to editing audio in 'Avid Media Composer':
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